Genealogía de la familia Figueredo
Notes for Alfonso X de Castilla/Violante de Aragon
Alfonso X, King of Castile & Leon (el
Sabio) was born on November 23, 1221, in Toledo, or Burgos,
the son of Fernando III, King of Castile, and Beatrice von
Hohenstaufen.
He married Violante de Aragon (1), who was born
in 1236, on November 26, 1248, in Valladolid, and they had eleven
children, Berenguela, Beatriz, Fernando de la Cerda, Leonor,
Sancho, Constanza, Pedro, Juan, Isabel, Violante, and Jaime.
Alfonso also had four illegitimate children, Beatriz, Fernández,
Urraca, and Martin, with Mayor Guillende Guzman.
Alfonso became king in 1252. He had many scholars in his
travelling court, and he was an active participant in their
writing and editing. Some were experts on Roman law, which
Alfonso hoped to make the basis of a uniform code for his lands.
The court, gifts to friends, and foreign intrigue proved
expensive, and Alfonso taxed heavily.
He crushed a Muslim revolt in 1252, and a revolt by nobles in
1254. Morocco, Granada, and Murcia invaded in 1264, but Alfonso
won with Aragonese help, and annexed Murcia. In 1272, a revolt,
and withdrawal to Granada, by nobles forced him to confirm local
privileges.
Alfonso claimed many foreign titles, notably that of Holy Roman
Emperor. In 1257, bribes won him four electoral votes for emperor
to three for Richard of Cornwall, but Alfonso was unable to claim
his reward due, in part, to opposition from the Pope. In 1275
Richard died, and Alfonso went to France to appeal to Pope
Gregory X, who persuaded him to renounce his claim.
Under Alfonso's patronage the schools of Seville, Murcia, and
Salamanca were furthered, and Muslim and Jewish culture flowed
intoWestern Europe. He was largely responsible for the Siete
Partidas, a compilation of the legal knowledge of his time;
for the Alfonsine tables in astronomy; and for other scientific
and historical works.
In his later years, Alfonso's ill health rendered him
progressively less able to carry out his duties and caused him to
act arbitrarily, and in 1282, an assembly of nobles, prelates,
and townsmen transferred the responsibilities of government from
the king to his second son, Sancho, ignoring the claims of
Alfonso's grandson, also Alfonso, who as the son of Alfonso's
oldest son, was legitimately heir to the throne. For two years,
Castile was torn apart by civil war, between the followers of
Sancho and the young Alfonso, until the king's death in 1284,
when Sancho became King Sancho IV.
Alfonso died in 1284, in Seville. Violante died in 1301, in
Roncevalles.
Children of Alfonso X, King of Castile & Leon, and
Violante de Aragón(1):
i Fernando de la Cerda (1) [17th great grandfather of Perucho]
ii Sancho IV, King of Castile & Leon (el Bravo) was
born on May 12, 1258. He married, in July 1281, in Toledo, Maria
Alfonsa de Molina, the daughter of Alfonso de Molina and Mayor
Alfonsa de Meneses.
In 1275, Morocco and Granada invaded Castile, and Ferdinand de la
Cerda, Alfonso's oldest son and heir to the throne, was killed in
the fighting. A dispute over the succession between the
supporters of Fernando de la Cerda's son, Alfonso, and the king's
second son, Sancho, ensued. By the King's own code of laws, the
claims of the son were undoubted, but the Cortes decided in favor
of the brother, Sancho, who was proclaimed heir to the throne,
while the young princes were taken to Aragon by their grandmother
Violante de Aragón.
Alfonso X's ill health rendered him progressively less able to
carry out his duties and in 1282, an assembly of nobles,
prelates, and townsmen transferred the responsibilities of
government from the king to Sancho. When the king died in 1284,
Sancho became King Sancho IV.
Sancho and Maria had seven children, Isabel de Limoges, Fernando
IV King of Castile & León, Alfonso of Castile, Enrique of
Castile, Felipe de Cabrera, and Beatrix of Castile. Maria died
after 1260, in Valladolid, and Sancho died on April 25, 1295, in
Toledo.
iii Berenguela de Castilla was born before December 6, 1253, in
Seville. She was a nun and died in about 1313, in Guadalajara.
iv Beatriz de Castilla (2) was born in December 1254, and married
William of Montferrat, IX Lord of Montferrat. Beatriz died
after1280. He died in 1292.
v Leonor de Castilla (2) was born in about 1256 and died in 1275.
vi Constanza de Castilla was born in about 1259.
vii Pedro de Castilla, Señor de Ledesma, was born
before June 1261, and married Marguerite of Narbonne in 1281, in
Burgos. They had a son, Sancho de Ledesma. Pedro died on October
20, 1283, in Ledesma.
viii Juan de Castilla was born before April, 1264. He married
Joanna of Montferrat and was killed el la Vega de Granada
on June 25, 1319. In 1292, Sancho IV King of Castile, brother of
this Juan de Castilla, captured the town of Tarifa from the
Moors, and placed control of the town in the hands of Alonso
Perez de Guzman. In 1294, Juan de Castilla in an act of treason
aganst the Crown of Castile, offered to help the Moslem King
Mohamed recover Tarifa. What happened then is told in the
biography of Alonso Perez de Guzman.
ix Isabel de Castilla was born in about 1265, and died young.
x Violante de Castilla (2) was born in about 1266.
xi Jaime de Castilla, Señor de los Cameros, was born before
August 11, 1268, and died on August 9, 1284.
Children of Alfonso X, King of Castile & Leon, and Mayor
Guillén de Guzman:
xii Beatriz de Castilla (1) was born in 1242. In 1253, she
married Alfonso III, King of Portugal. They had eight children,
Fernando, Denis King of Portugal, Affonso de Portugal, Vicente de
Portugal, Branca of Lorvano, Sancha, Maria, and Costanza. Beatriz
died on October 27, 1303.
Of these children, Denis, King of Portugal, married Isabel de
Aragon (2), and Affonso de Portugal married Violante de Castilla
(1).
xiii Alfonso de Castilla died in 1281.
xiv Urraca de Castilla
xv Martin de Castilla
revised 9-23-02
Page built by Gedpage
Version 2.20 ©2000 on 28 December 2002